Hoa Lu Ancient Capital
Walk through dynastic history.
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Introduction
Hoa Lu Ancient Capital (Cố đô Hoa Lư) is a national-level relic complex located in the plains of Ninh Binh province. It served as the political, economic, and cultural center of Dai Co Viet, the first centralized feudal state in Vietnam, during the 10th and 11th centuries. The site is historically significant as the nation's first capital, protected by a natural fortress of limestone mountains, before the capital was moved to Hanoi.
King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple
This is the larger and more central of the two main temples, dedicated to the founder of the Dinh Dynasty. Built in the 17th century on the grounds of the former main palace, it features traditional temple architecture with ornate carvings, courtyards, and a main sanctuary housing a statue of the emperor.
King Le Dai Hanh Temple
Located a short walk away, this temple honors the first emperor of the Early Le Dynasty. It is slightly smaller but shares a similar architectural style, with impressive woodcarvings and serene gardens. The interior includes statues of Emperor Le Dai Hanh, his empress, and their sons.
Nhat Tru Pagoda
Also known as the One Pillar Pagoda, this ancient structure was built during the Dinh Dynasty. It is most noted for its large stone pillar carved with Buddhist sutras, a national treasure from the 10th century that provides insight into the period's religious beliefs and craftsmanship.
Getting there
From the main tourist area around Tam Coc (approx. 7 km):
🚗 Taxi: 10-15 mins | 100,000 - 150,000 VND ~ $4 - $6 USD
🚘 Ride-Hailing App (Grab): 10-15 mins | 80,000 - 120,000 VND ~ $3.20 - $4.80 USD
🛵 Motorbike/Scooter: 15-20 mins. This is a very popular and flexible option for exploring the Ninh Binh area.
🚲 Bicycle: 30-40 mins. A pleasant and flat ride through rural villages and rice paddies.
⚠️ The roads in Ninh Binh are generally in good condition and relatively quiet compared to major cities, making motorbike or bicycle travel popular. Many accommodations in Tam Coc offer bicycle and scooter rentals.
Hours & Admission
🕗 Opening hours:
- Monday - Sunday: 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM
- Notes: Hours are consistent year-round but may be affected by major national holidays like Tet (Lunar New Year).
🎫 Ticket prices:
- Adults: 20,000 VND ~ $0.80 USD
- Children: 10,000 VND ~ $0.40 USD
- Notes: Tickets can be purchased at the main entrance gate. The fee contributes to the preservation and upkeep of the historical relic site.
🚶 Best time to visit:
- The best time to visit is during the dry season from March to May or September to November for pleasant weather. To avoid tour group crowds and the midday heat, plan your visit for early in the morning (7:00 AM - 9:00 AM) or later in the afternoon (after 3:00 PM).
⌚ Recommended duration:
- Plan for 1.5 to 2 hours to explore the two main temples and the surrounding grounds at a comfortable pace. If you hire a guide, you might spend slightly longer.
Tips from locals
Local tips
👗A strict dress code is enforced to enter the sacred temple areas. Ensure your shoulders and knees are covered. It is a good idea to carry a scarf or sarong with you, though some are available for rent at the entrance for a small fee.
🤝While signage is limited, local guides are available for hire at the ticket booth. For a small cost, they offer valuable historical context and stories about the dynasties that you would otherwise miss, greatly enhancing the experience.
💡The complex itself is free to enter, but the 20,000 VND ticket is required to go inside the two main temples. Don't be confused by the open nature of the grounds; the ticket is for the core historical buildings.
Be aware
🛍️Be prepared for persistent vendors, especially near the entrance and parking lot, selling souvenirs, snacks, and drinks.
📸Some individuals inside the complex may offer to take your photo and then ask for a payment. Be clear if you do not want this service. Official guides can be distinguished by their badges.
FAQs
What is the entrance fee for Hoa Lu Ancient Capital?
The entrance fee is 20,000 VND for adults and 10,000 VND for children to enter the main temple areas.
Is there a dress code for Hoa Lu?
Yes, you must cover your shoulders and knees to enter the temples out of respect.
How much time should I spend at Hoa Lu?
Most visitors find that 1.5 to 2 hours is enough time to see the main temples and walk around the grounds.
What was Hoa Lu the capital of?
Hoa Lu was the capital of Dai Co Viet, an early independent Vietnamese state, in the 10th and 11th centuries.
Can you visit Hoa Lu without a tour?
Yes, it is very easy to visit independently. You can get there by taxi, motorbike, or even bicycle from nearby Tam Coc or Ninh Binh city.
Are Hoa Lu and Trang An the same?
No. Hoa Lu is the historical ancient capital site. Trang An is a nearby eco-tourism area known for its river boat tours through caves. Both are part of the larger Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex, a UNESCO site.
What is the best way to get from Tam Coc to Hoa Lu?
The easiest ways are by scooter, which takes about 15-20 minutes, or by taxi, which takes 10-15 minutes. Cycling is also a popular option.
What is inside the Hoa Lu complex?
The main attractions are the Temple of King Dinh Tien Hoang, the Temple of King Le Dai Hanh, and Nhat Tru Pagoda, all set within the remains of the old capital's inner citadel.
Is it worth visiting Hoa Lu?
For those interested in Vietnamese history, it is a very worthwhile visit as it was the country's first capital. It offers a glimpse into a foundational period of the nation's history.
What is the best time of year to visit Hoa Lu?
The best time is during the dry season, from March to May or September to November, when the weather is mild and pleasant for exploring.
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